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Nephrology / Renal
Calcium Oxalate Supersaturation

Calcium Oxalate / Kidney Stone Risk

24-hour urine metabolic evaluation for nephrolithiasis risk factors

24-Hour Urine Parameters
Required (0–1500)
Required (0–500)
Required (0–5000)
Required (0.2–8 L)
Required (4–9)
Risk Factor Assessment
Dietary & Lifestyle Recommendations
Reference Ranges
ParameterNormal (Male)Normal (Female)Abnormal Threshold
Urine Calcium< 300 mg/day< 250 mg/dayHypercalciuria
Urine Oxalate< 40 mg/dayHyperoxaluria
Urine Citrate< 450 mg/day (low)< 550 mg/day (low)Hypocitraturia
Urine Volume< 2.0 L/day (low)Concentrated urine
Urine pH< 5.5 = UA risk; > 6.5 = CaP riskStone type risk
Supersaturation Index (simplified) = (Ca × Ox) / (Vol × 1000)
Higher index → greater risk of calcium oxalate crystal formation
Urinary citrate inhibits crystallization (chelates calcium)
⚕️ For qualified healthcare professionals only. Not a substitute for clinical judgment.

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